Elastic-fluid turbine.



P. J. HEDLUND.

ELASTIG FLUID TUBBINE.

APPLIOATION FILBD mms, 1907.

Patented Nov. 23, 1909.

514 ven to@ PERJOHAN HEDLUND, OF JRLA, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

` /ELASTIC-'FLUID TURBINE. f

To. all whom :itma y concem:

Be ,it known that 1, :PER J onav sHEDLUNn, engineer, subject ofthe 'King of Sweden, residing at Jrla, Stockholm, Sweden, have invented new and useful 'lnprovements 'in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification. V

My 'invention relates to improvements -in elastic fluid turbines, such as steamturbines and particularly` to that class thereof-c0mp'ising a plura'lity of rows of blades or buckets mounted `upon a single drum or rotor; and my invention consists in a novel Construction of` bladeholding element, where'- bythe introduction and removal of individ- 'nal blades is made very easy, and whereby the sockets for receiving and blades are easilyformed.

The .objects of my invention are, to improve the Construction of ela stic fluid 'turbines of the type comprising ta' ,plurality of rows of'blades or -buckets inounted "on the same blade holding elementto' facilitate't-he r nserton and ;removal of indvdual buckets,.

to hold the buckets in ;place securely, to facilitate the fo'mation of the bueket-holding sockets, and to pernt the construction of a 'drum or rotor having a. number of bucket rings made in one piece with the drum and all of about the same-diameter and provided :with means for inserting and removing the buckets, ndividuall'y, and directly, from the sides of said rings.

I will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrating 'one embodiment thei-cof; and the method ot' forming the sockets in the bucket rings, and will then point out the novel featuresin clains.

I n said drawiugs: Figure 1 shows a long'itudinal section of a portion of a turbine drum or rotor, and Fig. 2 a transverse section thereof. Fig. '3 illustrates the method of cutting the blade-receiving sockets in the ribs or flanges of the drum or rotor, showing a side View of cutting means, and showing an end view of a portion of a rotor in which sockets are being cut, and Fig. 4 shows an end view of the same parts. Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show broaching cutters which may be used in forming the sockets, Figs. 5 and 6 showing respectively a side view and a top View of an alternative form of cutter and Fg. 7 showing a top View of the form of cutter shown in Figs.-3 and 4.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, numeral holding ;said

g s cifiation of:Letters;Patei`;t`-; Pateited Nov. 23, 1909. Application filed December& 1907. Serial Ne. 404,&17

r Il desigates the' blade holding member, .in

'this' caseLa drum rotor, and the turbine shaft on which drum `l is` mounted; Said drum s provded with integral flanges or ribs 8, iriwhich are formed sockets 4 for the reception of thebases of buckets 5 of suitable Construction. These sockets are of iuverted T-shape, as shown, and the buckets `are providedwith shanks 7 and corresponding T-heads8 adapted 'to enter said sockets and `be held thereby against centrifugal force, duringthe rotation'of thedrum. But Idonot limit myself 'to this particular shape of socket "and blade s'hank and head, but may use any suitable shape permitting the introduction of the blades individually from the side and securely holding the blades against the influence of centrif ugal force. The bladesare provided with' roofs 6, as shown. The sockets 4 of *the several ribs are in line, and may ibe formed readily by means such as indicated in' Figs. `3-7 inclusive,- comprising a. carriage 9 mounted 'to be moved alongabed 11 by means of a feed screw 10, said Qarri-age provided with a rotary cutterrshaft 12 mounted in suitablebear- `ings with its axis in a plane at right angles to that of shaft `10, and carrying a rotary eutter 13 adapted to cut in theribs' of the drum slotscorrespondingly to the narrow portions of' the sockets 4, 'but of substantially the full depth of thesockets. Upon 'the carria e 9 are also mounted at suitable dis- E: 3

tances to pne, side of the rotary cutter 13, other enla'ging or broaching cutters 14, 15 and 16, adapted to form the enlargement at the base of each socket 4 by a plurality of successive Operations. As indicated, the drum 1 is mounted above the carriage 9, with its axis parallel to sha'ft 10, the cutters 14, 15 and 16 being so shaped and positioned that they are concident with equidistant radii of the' drum.

In the operation of forning the sockets,

e the drum lis put in place, and, the cutters 14, 15 and 1(S having been removed, the cutter' 13 is run the length of the drum, by means of the carriage 9 and shaft 10, and is rotated, thereby cutting a slot\ or kerf in each rib 3 of the drum. The carriage and cutter 13 are then moved back, the first cnlargingcutter, 14, is put in place the drum 1 is rotated' a distance corresponding to the distance between two sockets, and the carriage 9 and cutters 13 and 14 are then run the length' of the drum again, the cutter 13 iee entting a new slot in each rib and the eutter ll enlarging, at its base, the slot first cut The Operations are then repeated, afurther cntte', 13. being applied, and then, during a further tiai erse ot the curri-age, the cutter',

16 being applied. In this way, by means of 'the 'otary entter 13 and a'suitable nnn'ber ot enlarging eutters, the Slots and sockets in the rihs :3 may be forned easily, quickly, and at little expense. V Insteadof using a plnrality o f enlarging tools, as indicated in` Figs. &i and 7, I may use a single tool, having a plurality ot' enttin;` portions 15), 20 and 21, of progressively greater size, as illustrated 'in Fi's. .and U. ln Fig/, 22 designates the eutting edge of the tool. Any sui able means may be enployed for driring the shatt IQ; l have indieated "for .the purpose a screw 17 and a.worn-wheel 18.

It will be noted that when huekets are held as described in soekets 'orned as described in ribs which are integral with the drum` they are held' very tir'nly and seenroly, yet they may be inserted Very readly and may be removed as readly, and ts not nevessary to remove a nnnber ofbuckets to,

remove a particular one, but each may be removed and replaced independently of the others. v

lVhat I clain is g 1. i\ binde-carrying member tor elastic fluid turbines adapted' for holding a plu-` ralitv ot' rows of bnekets, said member provided with a plurality of integral crcun-' ferential ribs, eachprojecting. beyond the nain surface of the member, and each provided with a plnrality ,of sockets, separate from one another, for receiving the' bases of individual buckets, eachsueh recess open i atthe side to receive its bucket from the side, whereby all ot said bucket may be inserted :fron-1 the sidesbf the rihs, each directly into its eorresponding reeess.

2. rotor for elastie fluid trhines adapted for holding` a phrality of rows of buckets, said retor cmnprising a drum provided with a phrality of' integral eirennt'erential ribs. each projecting beyondthe main surface of the chami, and em-h; provided with a plu- .rality oE soekets, eparattron one another, and- 'each open at the side toreceive a c0rresponding lnicket,;an,d a phiraiity of. rows of bneketa .i ea eh bneket having a' base ,reeeived indix 'idually in a eo respending soeketv i A rotor for elastie fluid turbines adapted for holding. a plnrality of rows 0'1' bnelmti t, said rotor comprisinga drum .ro\'ided.\\'ith a plnrality otintegral eire nferential ribs, each; projeeting beyond thenain sn'faee of the dinin, and each provided "with a plurality f soelets, Separate from one another, and eaeh open at the side andenlarged .at the bottom, --n-respondi g esoekets of dilierent ribs being' in line and adapt ed to he torned by means n oving with. respect of the drum name. tothis speeifieation in the pr t\\'(.snbseribing wtnessea i V PER J OHAN HEDLUND.

.' .nee. of

itnesses 1 I VAIDEMAR BOMAN Toma Gr. E. LINDMARK.

In testimony whereofI have sigiedny 

